Which theory suggests that convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, generates Earth’s magnetic field?

Dynamo theory suggests that convection currents in the liquid outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect (caused by Earth’s rotation), generate Earth’s magnetic field.

  • Convection in the outer core:  As the molten material near the core heats up, it loses density and rises, whereas cooler material sinks towards the center.
  • Generation of electric currents: When the conductive molten material travels, it generates electric currents as it interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field.
  • Coriolis effect: According to the dynamo theory, the Coriolis effect causes the electric currents created in the outer core to spiral. 
  • Generation of Earth’s magnetic field: Convection in the outer core and the Coriolis effect combine to form the geodynamo, which is responsible for creating the Earth’s magnetic field.