Dynamo theory suggests that convection currents in the liquid outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect (caused by Earth’s rotation), generate Earth’s magnetic field.
- Convection in the outer core: As the molten material near the core heats up, it loses density and rises, whereas cooler material sinks towards the center.
- Generation of electric currents: When the conductive molten material travels, it generates electric currents as it interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field.
- Coriolis effect: According to the dynamo theory, the Coriolis effect causes the electric currents created in the outer core to spiral.
- Generation of Earth’s magnetic field: Convection in the outer core and the Coriolis effect combine to form the geodynamo, which is responsible for creating the Earth’s magnetic field.