Amortized efficiency measures how an algorithm performs over a series of operations rather than individual operations. It considers both expensive and inexpensive operations to provide a more accurate understanding of the algorithm’s performance. The “big-oh tilde” notation is commonly used to represent amortized time complexity. It indicates an upper bound on the average time complexity of an algorithm over a sequence of operations, providing a more realistic view of performance than worst-case analysis. Hash tables often exhibit amortized efficiency for operations like insertion and deletion