Plasma is a unique state of matter composed of free electrons and ions, containing both positively and negatively charged particles. It differs from the three more common states of matter: solids, liquids, and gasses. Plasma is formed when a gas is sufficiently energetic to strip electrons from atoms, resulting in a collection of free electrons and positively charged ions. This ionization process provides plasma with its distinctive electrical conductivity and enables it to respond to electromagnetic fields.
Examples of plasma
- The most common type of plasma in the universe is found in stars, where extreme heat causes atoms to ionize, resulting in a plasma of positively charged ions and free electrons.
- Lightning occurs when a strong electric field ionizes the air, forming a plasma conduit for the electric discharge known as lightning.
- The glow in neon signs and fluorescent lights is caused by the ionization of gases such as neon or argon, which forms plasma and creates light when electrons recombine with ions.
- In the polar regions, solar wind particles interact with the Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere, resulting in spectacular, brilliant displays known as auroras.