Vitamin B12, commonly known as cobalamin, has the important element cobalt in its structure. This vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell creation, and nervous system function.
For effective absorption in the small intestine, vitamin B12 requires an intrinsic factor, a stomach-produced protein. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12, allowing it to pass through the intestinal lining and into the circulation. Vitamin B12 deficiency is more likely in those who have certain gastrointestinal diseases that affect absorption or who consume a restricted amount of animal-based meals.