Pedology is the scientific study of soils in their natural setting, including their origin (pedogenesis), categorization, appearance, and distribution. It is a key branch of soil science, commonly separated into three primary areas:
- Pedogenesis: Soil Formation (Pedogenesis) studies the processes and elements that drive soil development, such as parent material, climate, topography, biological activity, and time. Pedogenesis describes how soils change and acquire new features and layers throughout time.
- Soil morphology: Soil morphology concerns soils’ physical features, such as texture, structure, color, and horizon development. It is the study of the visible layers (or horizons) that form as soil grows, each with unique features caused by various physical, chemical, and biological processes.
- Soil Classification and Mapping: Pedologists categorize soils according to their qualities and characteristics, which aids in understanding and managing soil resources. This classification can show soil distribution patterns and appropriateness for agriculture, construction, and other applications.